Methane acts as a greenhouse gas when released into the atmosphere, contributing to the planet’s rising temperatures. As a greenhouse gas, methane is 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

Vandehaar’s project is a step toward reducing the environmental footprint of dairy cows.

“People don’t eat dairy because they believe it’s bad for the environment,” Vandehaar said, “But most people do like ice cream. I don’t want you to feel … guilty when (you) eat it.”

The machine enabling Vandehaar’s research is about the size of a large wardrobe and has an opening for cows to place their heads. Once their heads are in, the machine dispenses molasses pellets — treats for the cows. As the cows eat, the machine analyzes the amount of methane they burp out.

In Vandehaar’s upcoming study, cows will be fed supplements containing fatty acids. Preliminary research shows these supplements could reduce cow methane emissions by about 20 percent, he said.

“We want to know if some fatty acids are more effective than others,” Vandehaar said.

Vanderhaar said methane from other parts of a dairy farm operation can be turned into a fuel source. The center has another machine, called a digester, that captures methane emitted from fermenting manure and other organic waste.

Solving these environmental problems is a small but important step for climate action, he said.

Cows account for about 11% of greenhouse gas emissions, and only 20% of those cows are used on dairy farms, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Vandehaar’s other projects have aimed to reduce food waste with “leftover feed,” or cattle feed made from the leftovers of plant harvests.

Leftover feed is made from high-fiber parts of plants that would otherwise go to waste–such as unused cotton seeds–Vandehaar said, which cows can eat.