The article highlights the long-lasting effects of previous trade disputes, particularly with China. The trade war, which was intended to rebalance the relationship, ultimately led to the loss of key markets for US soybeans. Some farmers fear that China has already found alternative, long-term supplies from countries like Brazil, and that these lost markets may not be recoverable. This ongoing market volatility adds a layer of uncertainty for the entire agribusiness sector.

In addition to trade tensions, other economic factors are creating headwinds for farmers. The article points to sharp increases in the costs of essential inputs, such as fertilizer and fuel, leaving crop values well below the cost of production. These rising expenses, combined with the instability of global markets, are putting a significant financial strain on farm operations and directly impacting dairy economics and other agricultural sectors.

A crucial concern for the industry is labor policy. The article notes that a potential second Trump administration could ramp up immigration enforcement. This is particularly worrying for states like California, which are highly reliant on migrant workers for harvests. The threat of heightened enforcement creates a climate of uncertainty for a workforce that is essential to the viability of many agricultural businesses.