APHIS confirms first detection of D1.1 genotype in dairy cattle through NMTS testing.
The National Veterinary Services Laboratories of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) confirmed by whole-genome sequence the first detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype D1.1 in dairy cattle.
This confirmation, made on Jan. 31, was a result of state tracing and investigation, following an initial detection on silo testing under the USDA’s National Milk Testing Strategy (NMTS) in Nevada.
APHIS said it continues to work with the Nevada Department of Agriculture by conducting additional on-farm investigation, testing and gathering additional epidemiological information to better understand this detection and limit further disease spread.
This is the first detection of this virus genotype in dairy cattle (all previous detections in dairy cattle have been HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.13). Genotype D1.1 represents the predominant genotype in the North American flyways this past fall and winter and has been identified in wild birds, mammals and spillovers into domestic poultry.
The agency noted that this detection does not change USDA’s HPAI eradication strategy and is a testament to the strength of NTMS. In the interest of sharing information of import to the scientific community, APHIS said it will publish a technical brief on the findings on its website and post the sequence data on GenBank in the coming week.
University of Minnesota epidemiologist Dr. Michael Osterholm, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy at the University of Minnesota, said, “We shouldn’t be surprised about a new spillover to cattle, given the very significant activity in waterfowl across much of the United States.”
He added that the HPAI virus is not going away, contrary to those who thought B3.13 would burn itself out.
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